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This paper aims to deepen how and how much the sensibility of the artists of XX and XXI century immediately understood and interpreted the epochal scientific discoveries on atomic energy and why the expectations of progress and world peace that these discoveries foreshadowed generated, instead, deep unrest and great dis-enchantment compared to the real possibilities of man to be able to understand and bend to his will the great energy of the ‘divine’ atom. From Herbert George Wells’ ‘prescientific’ novels to J. Robert Oppenheimer’s (cinematographic) biography passing through Ramón Gómez de la Serna’s ‘nuclear engineer’, Stanley Kubrick’s ‘scientist’ and Pablo Neruda’s “Oda al átomo”, art understood and considered the real power and the big threat of the new form energy and its applications.