Registrazione presso il Tribunale di Lanciano n. 51 del 5-2-1962
9788857565194
2036 - 9484
Annual
Scienze storiche, filosofiche, pedagogiche e psicologiche
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La rivista attualmente è presente nell'elenco delle riviste scientifiche per l'area 11 dell'Agenzia Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema Universitario e della Ricerca (ANVUR) ai fini dell'Abilitazione Scientifica Nazionale.
Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Insegna Storia della Filosofia Antica presso l’Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara ed è Life Member del Clare Hall a Cambridge. Formatosi a Padova con Enrico Berti sulla tradizione delle scienze naturali e astronomiche aristoteliche, ne ha studiato il travaso dei contenuti in contesti culturali posteriori, fino a quello islamico, mettendone in luce il variare delle forme argomentative (La natura e la sfera. La scienza antica e le sue metafore nella critica di Razi, Lecce 1987). A Cambridge, sotto la guida di G.E.L. Owen e di G.E.R. Lloyd, ha sviluppato ricerche sui metodi della medicina e dell’anatomia antiche e sulle strategie per rendere visibili i processi di embriogenetica (Scienza e Retorica in Aristotele, Bologna 1990). Dagli ambiti della fisica antica, seguendo il filo dei modi della retorica nel linguaggio, si è spinto ad affrontare la tradizione dell’esegesi allegorica (Sotto il segno di Boezio. Memoria, tempo, sogno, scrittura e conforto dall’intellettualità, Bomba 2001, con I. Ramelli, Allegoria. Volume I. L’età classica, a cura di R. Radice, Milano 2004), quindi la politica aristotelica attraverso le analogie col comportamento degli animali (La salvezza della città. Ethos e logos in democrazia, Lanciano 2012). Infine l’incontro con l’opera e la figura di G. Vailati lo ha portato ad approfondire che senso abbia avuto affrontare in pieno clima positivista lo studio della Metafisica di Aristotele (Metafisica I: la Sophia degli antichi, 2 voll., Lanciano 2009-10).
Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Insegna Storia della Filosofia Antica presso l’Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara ed è Life Member del Clare Hall a Cambridge. Formatosi a Padova con Enrico Berti sulla tradizione delle scienze naturali e astronomiche aristoteliche, ne ha studiato il travaso dei contenuti in contesti culturali posteriori, fino a quello islamico, mettendone in luce il variare delle forme argomentative (La natura e la sfera. La scienza antica e le sue metafore nella critica di Razi, Lecce 1987). A Cambridge, sotto la guida di G.E.L. Owen e di G.E.R. Lloyd, ha sviluppato ricerche sui metodi della medicina e dell’anatomia antiche e sulle strategie per rendere visibili i processi di embriogenetica (Scienza e Retorica in Aristotele, Bologna 1990). Dagli ambiti della fisica antica, seguendo il filo dei modi della retorica nel linguaggio, si è spinto ad affrontare la tradizione dell’esegesi allegorica (Sotto il segno di Boezio. Memoria, tempo, sogno, scrittura e conforto dall’intellettualità, Bomba 2001, con I. Ramelli, Allegoria. Volume I. L’età classica, a cura di R. Radice, Milano 2004), quindi la politica aristotelica attraverso le analogie col comportamento degli animali (La salvezza della città. Ethos e logos in democrazia, Lanciano 2012). Infine l’incontro con l’opera e la figura di G. Vailati lo ha portato ad approfondire che senso abbia avuto affrontare in pieno clima positivista lo studio della Metafisica di Aristotele (Metafisica I: la Sophia degli antichi, 2 voll., Lanciano 2009-10).
The starting point is Shakespeare’s The Tempest as a crucial text of colonialist and post-colonialist literature, which testifies a change from ancient colonies and modern territorial dominions and the developing of different views of Otherness. This drama was a rich mine of metaphors for colonisation, slavery and every effect of decolonisation. For example, it describes the rule of forced education to the colonial language as a way to remove the identity of “savage,” presenting a hard argument developed in the contemporary dramatic reprises of The Tempest, with particular regard to the story of Caliban.
Keywords: Caliban – Sights on savage – Dominions – Colonial education – Power of language
This text examines Frantz Fanon’s analysis of the gender relationships under colonialist domination. In order to understand the psychic mechanisms within the dominated subjects in the sexual/sentimental sphere, Fanon, lacking any scientific literature to refer to, bases his analysis (and socio-analysis) on fictional characters of literature. The Martinican psychiatrist, through this analysis of the sentimental and erotic relationship between colonized and colonizing (and colonized among them), identifies the close link between sexual liberation and political liberation. “The atmosphere of violence” that characterizes the colonial context in fact affects the relationship with the other and as well as desire, turning them into subordination and dependence respectively. In this view, according to Fanon, a “balanced” relationship can only take place with the overcoming of colonial domination.
Keywords: Fanon – Colonialism – Sexuality – Desire – Socio-analysis – Violence – Literature – Post-colonialism
Università di Pisa
Insegna Storia Contemporanea all’Università di Pisa. Laureata in Storia, perfezionata a Parigi (Univ. di Jussieu) ha poi conseguito il dottorato di ricerca presso l’Istituto univ. Europeo di Fiesole (Fi). Si è occupata di gender e diritti di cittadinanza e di storia sociale e culturale del sapere psichiatrico. Già redattrice della rivista “Genesis”, è socia fondatrice del centro interuniversitario di Storia Culturale e dirige, con Alberto Banti, Arnold Davidson e Carlotta Sorba, la collana “Studi culturali. Concetti e pratiche” per edizioni ETS (Pisa). Tra i suoi principali contributi: Matti, indemoniate e vagabondi (Venezia 2002), Le Officine della follia. Il frenocomio di Volterra 1888-1978 (Pisa 2011), Smarrimenti e ricomposizioni. Il dopoguerra a Pisa 1946-1947 (Pisa 2012). Recentemente ha promosso una nuova edizione (Pisa 2015) di Pelle nera, maschere bianche di Frantz Fanon, firmandone l’introduzione.
In the immediate postwar period, Sartre was one of the most important and most influential philosophers because, by relating the themes of phenomenology with those of Marxism, he sought to enrich the reflection of the “philosophy of the subject.”
This perspective, which envisaged a harsh confrontation with Hegel, profoundly marked the Italian cultural and philosophical debate in the long season of political movements, and accompanied the most significant changes that Italian society experienced during the 1970s. Carla Lonzi, who was the most important theorist of Italian Feminism, reflects on the foundation of an autonomous feminine subjectivity. The article brings Lonzi into conversation with Frantz Fanon and Jean-Paul Sartre, and leads her to consider the following question: Within which theoretical path was it possible to think of “unforeseen subjectivities” such as women and blacks? There is a morphological relationship between Frantz Fanon and Carla Lonzi, but also some significant differences which highlight the intersectionality between the categories of gender and race.
Keywords: Subject – Fanon – Lonzi – Sartre – Italian Feminism
Universidad Católica de Chile
Ricercatore presso l’Instituto de Filosofía della Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Ha conseguito il dottorato di ricerca in Filosofia all’Università di Torino e svolto attività di ricerca presso le Università di Vilnius e Rijeka e la FMSH di Parigi. I suoi interessi vertono principalmente sui rapporti tra spazio e potere, sulla filosofia moderna (Hobbes, Locke, Kant, Hegel) e sulla filosofia contemporanea (Schmitt, Foucault). Su questi temi ha pubblicato numerosi saggi su riviste scientifiche nazionali e internazionali, nonché la monografia Modernità infinita. Saggio sul rapporto tra spazio e potere (Milano-Udine 2019). È membro della Società Italiana di Filosofia Teoretica e della Società Italiana di Filosofia Politica.
The essay aims to investigate the theoretical role of the New World in Modern Philosophy. In Modern Philosophy, New World has been conceptualized as the “constitutive outside” of Europe, namely as a radical alterity and, at the same time, the condition of possibility for its representation. Therefore, we can argue that the European self-representation (both philosophical and political) should be understood in its dialectical relation with its constitutive difference. The paper is structured as follows: in the first part, we explain the concept of constitutive outside and its analytical function; in the second part, we analyse in depth Hobbes’ (2.1), Locke’s (2.2), and Hegel’s (2.2) reflections on the New World; in the last part, we summarize the main results of the paper and we sketch possible political implications for our current understanding of Europe.
Keywords: Europe – America – Hobbes – Locke – Hegel – Modernity
Università di Genova
già ordinario di Letteratura cultura spagnola presso la Facoltà di Lingue e letterature straniere dell’Università di Genova, è tra i fondatori, nel 1977, della rivista quadrimestrale di sociologia dei testi letterati “L’immagine riflessa”, ha codiretto per l’editore Einaudi la collana “Il Nuovo Mondo”. È stato direttore della Fondazione Casa America e socio corrispondente della Accademia ligure di Scienze e Lettere. Autore di saggi e volumi sulla letteratura della Conquista, sul Barocco spagnolo e ispanoamericano, sul Romanticismo argentino, sulla poesia e il romanzo spagnolo e latinoamericano contemporanei, ha curato edizioni di classici spagnoli e americani per Einaudi, Garzanti, Lucarini ecc. Recenti gli studi sul Chisciotte (sua la cura di Espejos rotos. Don Quijote y las identidades políticas y culturales del mundo hispánico, Milano-Novara 2016) e il saggio Cervantes e le incoerenze premeditate (Milano 2016). In corso di pubblicazione presso Penguin Bogotá un volume sulla Conquista spagnola del Nuovo Mondo e la cura ‒ in tandem con Nicola Ferrari ‒ del numero dedicato al naufragio di “Trasparenze” (Genova 2019).
Todorov’s perspective on dialogue represents an exemplary and epic view of the New World, in the light of four categories: discovery, conquest, love, and knowledge. Each one is symbolized by figures considered emblematic of a qualitatively ascending process of approach. In this perspective Todorov intervenes in the internal mechanisms of the dialogue between two cultures differently equipped to withstand the clash. Once the principle of equality has been denied in colonial practice, the difference remains in generating subalternity and subjugation. The Conquest of America, beyond being read as a catalogue of the errors of the past and a reminder to avoid their replication, is the connection between the two phases of the reflection of its author: between the definition of the dialogical model and the acknowledgement of its failure, and the peroration of a critical universalism that finds (not by chance) its greatest representative in Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, the one who “lived the two cultures in conflict from within,” and whose experience “symbolizes and foretells that of the modern exile.”
Keywords: Discovery – Dialogue – The “other” – Critical universalism – Deculturation
Università degli studi di Napoli 'L'Orientale'
Insegna Filosofia Morale e Etica interculturale all’Università degli studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”. Studiosa dell’idealismo tedesco e dell’antropologia filosofica del Novecento, ha lavorato sui temi dell’inconscio, della follia e del disagio sociale tra Ottocento e Novecento, e negli ultimi anni sulle questioni legate al rapporto tra etica e scienza, con particolare attenzione alle possibili declinazioni e ricadute del cosiddetto post-umano. Tra i suoi volumi Labirinti e costellazioni (Milano 2008), Soggettività (Napoli 2003), L’individuo moderno e la nuova comunità (Napoli 2000), La «magia dello spirito» e il «gioco del concetto» (Milano 1995). Ha curato l’edizione italiana di L. Bolk, Il problema dell’ominazione (Roma 2006) e di G. W. F. Hegel, Lezioni sulla filosofia dello spirito (Berlino 1827-28) (Milano 2000). Ha scritto saggi su Bergson, Scheler, Gehlen, Bolk, Dilthey, Canetti, Jaspers, Binswanger, Anders e Arendt.
The evolution of anthropological thought in the relationship with different cultures and symbolic universes has shown the need to deal with the progressive enrichment of positions with respect to Otherness. Infinite Others have overlapped the Other, and the Other has spread in the plurality of discourses that cannot be traced back to the simple opposition between hegemonic culture and subordinate culture. This essay tries to traverse this complexity starting from two authors – Melville and Beatty, one white, the other black – to use the color of the skin as a key to understanding the symbolic nuances between a past that does not pass and a present cluttered with ghosts. A reflection on the prefix “inter” of the word interculturality aims to bring out the need for respect and attention to different times and forms of experience witnessed by the voices of the world and stories small and large, beyond the pretensions of the theory.
Keywords: Interculturality – Difference – Domination – Myth – Writing
The current international framework is characterised by the fading of one world superpower and the formation of various centres of power; that is, a multipolar structure of world order. Will these Great Spaces prelude an acceleration of an historical movement toward Cosmopolitanism? Alternatively, will they establish closed political spaces in perpetual conflict or in an unstable balance of power? Much depends on overcoming the double standard metropolis/colonies – a longstanding political pattern that can take on different shapes.
Keywords: Polemos – Stasis – Great Spaces – Cosmopolitanism – Plato – Carl Schmitt
Napoli
Insegna Studi culturali e postcoloniali presso l’Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”. Laureatosi in Studi Americani e Storia moderna all’Università di Keele, si è specializzato in Studi Culturali al Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, University of Birmingham. Conosciuto per il suo approccio interdisciplinare allo studio della musica metropolitana e delle culture subalterne, ha in seguito trasformato questi interessi in una serie di analisi postcoloniali sulla formazione del Mediterraneo moderno. Tra i suoi saggi: Ritmi urbani. Pop music e cultura di massa (Milano 1986/2018), Paesaggi migratori. Cultura e identità nell’epoca postcoloniale (Milano 1996/2003), Sulla soglia del mondo. L’altrove dell’Occidente (Milano 2003), Le molte voci del Mediterraneo (Milano 2007), Mediterraneo blues. Musiche, malinconia postcoloniale, pensieri marittimi (Torino 2012), Postcolonial Interruptions, Unauthorised Modernities (London 2017) e, con Marta Cariello, La Questione Mediterranea (Milano 2019).
On the map of the Mediterranean everything lies flat, and borders are clearly defined. The topography is rendered evident. All is seemingly captured by the eye, rendered measurable and knowable. This is the basis for the geopolitical chessboard where everything is put on the dissecting table. It seemingly provides a neutral and disinterested (or “scientific”) rendering of reality. But simply by asking who does the mapping, and what does the desire for transparency hide and obscure, we disturb this picture and capture the outline of another Mediterranean. For the power of our maps, where objective measurement confirms our subjective centrality, betrays a cartography of power. Works of art – not as objects restricted to art history and aesthetics, but as a critical apparatus and practice – can be a device capable of disorienting and reorienting our mapping of the modern world, beyond the present structures of power.
Keywords: Mediterranean – Power – Art – Mass Migration – Borders
Starting from Michel Walzer’s recent volume, The Paradox of Liberation, the article focuses on the relationship between secular revolutions and religious counterrevolutions in particular by analyzing three nations: India, Israel and Algeria. In the discussion of the solutions proposed by Walzer to this conflicting relationship, the author takes up the positions of Joachim Ritter and claims the topicality of the thought of this great German scholar of the mid-twentieth century. And it places the possibility of the evolution of these states in the choice to work first of all in the elaboration of a culture based on Bildung and respect for human rights.
Keywords: Clash of civilization – Religious counterrevolutions – Secular revolutions – Michel Walzer – Joachim Ritter
Università degli Studi del Molise
Dottorando di ricerca presso l’Università degli Studi del Molise con una tesi sulla filosofia italiana di inizio ’900. Ha svolto un periodo di ricerca all’estero presso la Columbia University di New York. Autore di articoli e recensioni in riviste accademico-scientifiche, nel 2017 ha curato la ristampa della rivista “L’Anima” pubblicata dall’editore Carabba di Lanciano. Membro del comitato editoriale di “Rivistapolitica.eu” e “Nuovomeridionalismostudi” è anche socio dell’associazione culturale “Pragma”.
Starting from the The Tempest of Shakespeare, the aim of this paper is to show, through Caliban, the model of social disqualification developed by Occidental society. Caliban is indeed a criminal, deranged and also African (namely a “nigga”); and for century he has symbolized the other, the different and the stranger. Furthermore, this archetype of criminalization became complete with positivism. But precisely in the nineteen century, it received a lot of criticism from two psychiatrists, Franco Basaglia and Frantz Fanon, who explained how this model hides the sense of supremacy towards the Other.
Keywords: Caliban – Basaglia – Fanon – Colonialism – Psychiatry
Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Professore di Storia e Filosofia nei Licei, attualmente è dottorando in “Human Sciences” presso l’Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara. I suoi interessi di ricerca riguardano la storia del concetto di dialettica e della pratica intellettuale della disputa in età moderna. Ha pubblicato, insieme a Manuele De Conti, Debate. Teoria, Pratica, Pedagogia (Milano 2018).
The article examines the notion of dialectics in Fanon’s thought, analyzing its use first in Peau noire masques blancs, later in political writings, and finally in Les damnés de la terre. It will show how “dialectic” in Fanon refers to three distinct spheres. The first concerns dialectic as a transdisciplinary method of investigation; we will see its application both to psychiatry as a sociogenetic perspective of the pathological interaction between the ego and the world, and to social reality as an analysis of its contradictions. The second concerns the impossibility of triggering the Hegelian dialectic of mutual recognition in colonial relations. The third focuses on dialectics as a contradictory historical process. Analyzing the phases of colonization and decolonization, we will illustrate the Fanonian critique of the objective view of historical dynamics, emphasizing the transformative and strategic capacity of interacting subjectivities.
Keywords: Fanon – Dialectic – Hegel – Historical process
The aim of this contribution is to show the complementarity of Frantz Fanon’s and Jean Paul Sartre’s theories, by considering the colonial reality of their time. The paper is divided into two parts: in the first, I examine Sartre’s preface to Le damnés de la terre (1961) by relating it to the content of L’existentialisme est un humanisme (1946); in the second, I highlight the relations between Fanon’s and Sartre’s theories.
Keywords: Jean-Paul Sartre – Frantz Fanon – Humanism – Internationalism – Anthropological revolution
Todorov and Fanon are two intellectual figures engaged in a bitter denunciation of colonialism. In Todorov, however, this criticism tends to be accompanied by a dismissive judgment towards the entire Jacobin-Bolshevik tradition. Indeed the way in which the Bulgarian essayist holds together these two viewpoints (above all anti-colonialist and anti-communist) is through the adoption of a predominantly moral rather than political attitude in the face of great international conflicts, which gives rise to a sort of romantic anti-colonialism, altogether abstract and susceptible to proceeding in a rather fragmentary way. His own philosophy, moreover, primarily focused on a hypostatic idea of “subjective will,” contributes to encourage and nourish such abstraction. Fanon holds a diametrically opposed perspective. At its core we find the concept of “objective necessity.” In the end, his anti-colonialism appears not only much more uniform, systematic and coherent than Todorov’s, but ultimately, more realistic.
Keywords: Anti-colonialism – Communism – Subjective will – Objective necessity – pity – Human sameness
The present paper assesses some aspects of Todorov’s contribution to Structuralism. His views on alterity and symbolism are relevant to several topics: a) the link between the Conquest of America and the genesis of Capitalism, b) the universalism–relativism antinomy, c) a critical approach to the idea of primitive thought and language. Todorov widens the Structuralist theoretical framework by applying it to historical and moral questions so that his insights can shed light on debates in political philosophy. Todorov’s theory and practice of ethnology is an outstanding example of the unique way in which he combines Structuralist reasoning with the humanistic dimension of social sciences.
Keywords: Todorov – Alterity – Symbolism – Humanism – Structuralism – Balibar
Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Ha conseguito nel 2016 il titolo di dottore di ricerca in “Studi umanistici”. Dal 2018 al 2019 ha insegnato “Storia della filosofia dal Rinascimento all’Illuminismo” (Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara), cattedra di cui è attualmente Cultore della materia. Tra i suoi scritti, la monografia La Boétie, Montaigne e Charron. La rilevanza psicologico-politica della nozione di “coustume” nella filosofia francese della seconda metà del Cinquecento (Roma 2017), e diversi articoli per riviste italiane e straniere, tra cui The Role of Solitude in Pierre Charron (“Journal of Early Modern Studies”, VI, 2, 2017) e Similia similibus curantur. Note sulla medicina naturale di Flavio Querenghi (“Dianoia. Rivista di filosofia”, 28, 2019).
This article aims to examine Tzvetan Todorov’s controversial critique of Michel de Montaigne as a precursor of anti-colonialism. His position – according to which the French author is an egotist, not able to approach cultural diversity – shows the inconsistency in the moral theory presented in the “Essais,” accused of being based on the illogical coexistence of relativism (man is a result of custom) and universalism (man can grasp what is true, good and right). But Todorov comes to this conclusion because he has omitted those propositions of Montaigne’s from which, on the contrary, coherent ethical theory emerges. If we restart by refuting this ontological misunderstanding, it will then be possible both to reveal Montaigne’s true vision of otherness and to rediscuss his affinity with post-colonial semantics.
Keywords: Todorov – Montaigne – Barbarians – Colonialism – Nature – Custom
The Borystenitichus Discourse (Or. XXXVI) of Dio Chrysostom, a very elaborate rhetorical construction in which reality and fiction are mixed, raises the problematic relationship with Otherness. Borysthenes, despite its being a Greek colony, represents a point of contact with a liminal reality, where the boundaries between Greeks and Barbarians gets confused. This paper aims to analyze the ways and strategies through which the rhetorician represents himself in face of the complex reality of Borysthenes which shines through his interlocutors. The rhetorician appears at first well aware of his own superiority and reveals an attitude of intellectual colonization; but the dialectic context leads him to rectify both the contents and the rhetorical-argumentative strategies of his speech, finally arriving at the exposition of Stoic cosmology in a Zoroastrian frame within the two myths which Dio attributes directly to the Persian Magi.
Keywords: Greeks/Barbarians – Identity/Otherness – Intellectual colonization – Dialectical debate – Zoroastrian myths
Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Ha conseguito un dottorato in filosofia presso l’Università “G. d’Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara con una tesi sulle fonti mediche del pensiero di Baruch Spinoza. È autrice di articoli e recensioni sulla filosofia spinoziana e sul nesso tra filosofia moderna e medicina. Ha continuato la sua attività universitaria come cultrice della materia per la cattedra di Storia della filosofia e Storia della filosofia antica. Attualmente è docente di filosofia e storia nei Licei.
Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
Università “G. d'Annunzio” di Chieti-Pescara
