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By adopting a theoretical perspective, the present paper aims to show that the establishment of a philosophical research on literature has been a consequence of the increasing attention that literature progressively has acquired in the French philosophical context since the 1940s. In this general view, the paper intends to articulate a synthesis of the first phase of French philosophical interest in literature through a critical focus on selected contributions by Simone De Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Jean-Paul Sartre. The fundamental aim of this paper is to clarify that the relationship between philosophy and literature transcends any attempt to define or simplify it. Instead, it is continually renewed in the form of an inquiry that calls upon us to reflect upon it.