B@belonline

Editoriale

Francesca Brezzi — 2024-11-12

Nota introduttiva

Guelfo Carbone — 2024-11-12

Who are we in the 21st century?

Francesca Ferrando — 2024-11-12

Che cosa è l'umano? A proposito del postumano: confronto con Rosi Braidotti

Angela Ales Bello — 2024-11-12

In my paper I examine Braidotti’s books: The Posthuman (2013), Posthuman Knowledge (2019), Posthuman Feminism (2021). In order to show her point of view, I pinpoint the outlines of this new philosophical approach, and I compare some of them with a phenomenological approach and even with some proposal that we find in Pope Francis’ doctrinal writings. I appreciate very much Rosi Braidotti’s critical attitude and the novelty of her position, at the same time I think that some of her theoretical statements appear to be problematic, for this reason they need to be discussed and clarified.

Old city e Sim city. I simulacri della non-città

Félix Duque — 2024-11-12

After the ontotheology in which the Modern Age takes shape and culminates, and after its secularization in the mercantilist and trinitarian ontology of Modernity (the Father, who is the Master, the Son, who is the delegate of the enterprise, and the Spirit-Capital), an ontotechnology emerges radiantly, in which the materials of the earth and the humans that inhabit it are technologically transfigured (et Mater Tellus Verbum facta est). The resulting Non-City: Mépolis, supposes the realization of Telépolis, the city at a distance; and it unfolds virtually in Old City, Bit City and Sim City. It is in the latter, in the Simulacrum-City, that the mythical geography of the animatronic Paradise is triumphantly manifested.

Può la meditazione andare oltre la divisione soggetto-oggetto della modernità? Sulle tracce ereditate dal XX secolo

Patrizia Cipolletta — 2024-11-12

In modern times, the West broke with the Greek and Eastern circular temporality, and introduced the expectation, present in different forms in both Judaism and Christianity, of an ultimate future time. Modernity was born along this line with the idea of the gradual possession of nature and of a knowledge that renounced the revelation of everything that is, but postponed it in a path that should have progressed in time. Thus, a train has left, a train that today travels at 3000 km per hour, by which we progressively know nature and manipulate it. A train that always increases in speed but that now cannot be stopped and from which we cannot get off, although the time of progress has been questioned, although we are now aware that we cannot know all things. The essay takes into consideration the fact that the reification and manipulation of things in nature, and of the nature that we ourselves are, arises from the separation of mind and body. Here, we do not propose a cognitive study of the connection between the mind and the body, but we address the discomfort of this split in hyper-modernity. Certainly, the use of Eastern meditative practices allows a break from the rush of our times, a break that fosters a mind-body reconnection. But meditation in the West cannot ignore the fact that we are on a train that travels at high speed, it cannot ignore the legacy of critical thinking. This essay tries a path of mind-body reconnection suitable for our world, to start a change in our manipulative way of human things.

La reconnaissance du corps vivant et du corps d’autrui

Mariannina Failla — 2024-11-12

The issue will discuss the theme of acknowledgement on the basis of the Husserlian Leiblichkeit, this analysis draws on the category of relationality, both intra-bodily (‘to acknowledge one’s own psycho-corporal unity’) and inter-bodily (to acknowledge the ‘other’). The paper then focuses on the centrality of the environment, representing the milieu in which the experience of acknowledgement between bodies takes place. Acknowledgement involves two moments: the experience of disposing of one’s acts and psycho-corporal states (time and its phenomenological constitution), and the experience of the relationship between two bodies, through the coordinates of spatial orientation in the environment (the movement of living or experienced bodies in space). The word ‘environment’ thus becomes synonymous with spatio-temporal relations which, as we shall see, form the basis of a twofold process of acknowledgement.

On Bodies and Organs: Scales of Affectability

Sara Baranzoni — 2024-11-12

Starting from the Deleuzo-Spinozist question “what can a body do”, this essay traces a theoretical background from which some of the main questions regarding Artificial Intelligence as a possible extension of the human body may be addressed. After considering the capacity of affecting and being affected of any kind of body, such a background is built thanks to Bernard Stiegler’s philosophy of technics and his point of view on technogenesis, anthropogenesis and organogenesis as a threefold movement in the same tendency. Stiegler also shows that humans are characterised by the tendency to store memory in external devices, that he sees as “exosomatic organs”, and it is in this sense that he proposes to study the co-constitutive relationship among organs as a “general (ex)organology”. Relying on this, the last section of the essay presents several speculative questions about Artificial Intelligence and its possible compositions with other bodies and calls for an “exorganological ethics” to study relations between organs and understand how such relations increase or decrease the power of bodies to act.

Care and the Crisis of the Paradigms of Modernity. Feminist Approaches to Subjectivity and Social Justice

Norma Felli — 2024-11-12

Covid-19 has challenged the self-concepts of neoliberal late capitalist societies, particularly the idea of the autonomous and self-sufficient individual who is “free, equal, and independent”, as well as the notions of development and growth. Social and political crises compel us to rethink the forms of associated living and the structures of modern democracies. This paper proposes feminist approaches to subjectivity and social justice, showing how these allow the development of the notion of a relational self and address today’s social challenges by proposing a justice that benefits all. The focus will be on the ethics of care, an important ethical and political paradigm. As recent publications attest, the concept-practice of care offers alternative strategies for reversing the direction of late modernity.

Overcoming (hyper)modernity

Giacomo Gilmozzi — 2024-11-12

Sketching the contours of a possible posthumanist alliance – integrating insights from poststructuralism, critical posthumanism, new materialism and the anthropological turn compatible with the organological-pharmacological framework proposed by Bernard Stiegler – this article aims to contrast modern dualisms and their instrumental conception of nature (as a resource) and technology (as a tool) which are symptomatically embodied today by the solutionist, anthropo- and technocentric approach of transhumanists. It is here argued that posthumanism, as outlined by Francesca Ferrando, offers a viable path for overcoming hypermodernity (Bernard Stiegler) towards a normative – rather than descriptive – conception of postmodernity thanks to a coherent conceptual ensemble that is both epistemologically and politically needed for bifurcating from the present crisis. This drastic shift requires, on the one hand, a theoretical rethinking of the relations between the “human” (understood in its indivisibility and its co-evolutionary relations with the technological, social and ecological systems in which it lives) and the more-than-human; and, on the other hand, the imagination of practical ways for implementing the ecological and the technological transitions, emphasizing the importance of developing politics of technologies that promotes the search for trans-local ecological (in the triple meaning given by Felix Guattari) therapies.

L’A.I. uguale/quasi-uguale all’intelligenza umana? Considerazioni sull’esempio della Decima Sinfonia di Beethoven

Vinicio Busacchi — 2024-11-12

This article focuses on the question concerning the relationship between artificial and human intelligence. The reflection is intertwined with the controversy relating to an alleged Beethoven’s tenth symphony recently completed by A.I. This would demonstrate not only the advanced level of artificial intelligence but its creative capacity. Dealing with this case via Emilio Betti’s hermeneutical perspective, the author unmasks the substantial narrative deception of this argument.

Intelligenza umana e artificiale: un’alleanza possibile?

Patrizia Nunnari — 2024-11-12

Human intelligence can undoubtedly beat the algorithms of artificial intelligence, not for the prowess in the speed of calculation and for the extension of its memory, an ability with which human intelligence is often defined in a truly reductive way, but for the complexity it has always enjoyed in its deeply embodied, intuitive, conscious, heuristic being. It is not so much the comparison as the relationship that can be built between the two, avoiding traditional biases and bringing out both the main differences and the possible “alliances,” with a view to a reflexivity that avoids catastrophic postures or easy enthusiasms, choosing instead the epistemological will to integrate and compensate, distinguish and join, without ever separating.

The Conspiracy in the Age of the Neoliberal Machine of Communication

Lorenzo Mizzau — 2024-11-12

Among the political phenomena that seem to attest to the crisis of neoliberal governance in the 21st century, conspiracism has assumed such prominence that there is increasing talk of a veritable golden age of conspiracy theories. While correctly noting the link between conspiracy theories and the hollowing out of the «political» triggered by globalization, political studies mostly stick to the assumption that conspiracy theories are a phenomenon of reaction to neoliberal societies. In my article, I seek to overturn this assumption by showing how conspiracism and the «new right» are, conversely, direct expressions of neoliberalism. To this end, I will trace a philosophical-political genealogy of conspiracism, framing it within the broader horizon marked by contemporary forms of the aesthetization and spectacularization of politics. Analyzing the nexus between politics, media and communication, I will try to show how the «neoliberal communication machine» structurally tends to promote what Furio Jesi called «right-wing culture».

Il postmoderno è antiquato. La tecnica come soggetto della storia in Günther Anders

Vallori Rasini — 2024-11-12

In the same years that Jean-François Lyotard was introducing a significant shift in the interpretation of reality by publishing his seminal work on postmodernism, on the fall of grand metaphysical narratives, on the decline of totalising rationality and on the profound crisis of utopias, Günther Anders was contemplating a far more radical transformation in the trajectory of human cultural evolution: the “change of the subject of history” and the potential end of human history. The advent of the technological era not only brings with it a change of the paradigm for interpreting reality in the course of history, but also overturns the “ontological” condition of man, who has now become “ahistorical”. This places technology at the centre of history as its sole subject, rendering the very idea of a postmodern era antiquated.

Walter Benjamin e la critica all’ideologia del progresso come paradigma della modernità

Ludovica Picchi — 2024-11-17

This article aims to show how Walter Benjamin’s critique of the ideology of progress, as relevant as ever, remains a central aspect of his production from his early writings to his death. At a time when the word progress has become a synonym of modernity, advancing like a locomotive on iron tracks, denouncing instead, with Benjamin, its catastrophic outcomes, can only contribute to a profound analysis of the contemporaneity in which we are immersed. We will therefore analyze paradigmatic occasions in which Benjamin, from his youthful years up to the Paris Passages and the Theses on the Concept of History, denounces how progress is, in reality, a regression to “something immemorially ancient that struts about in the guise of absolute novelty”.

Oltre l’impasse del moderno. Un esercizio di koinologia

Agostino Cera — 2024-11-12

Moving from a suggestion by Jean-François Lyotard, the paper deals with a small exercise in ‘koinology’, namely the attempt to (re-)establish a common and shared dimension to face our times; a framework which takes up the modern Leitmotiv without emulating it. The argument consists of two parts. In the first part, the koinological instance is compared with an unprecedented risk that has emerged in the context of COVID-19 pandemic: an event that perfectly symbolizes the post- or hyper-modern condition. Against the backdrop of a “pandemic society” looms the bogeyman of the idioverse: an echo-cosmos that each person builds (and inhabits) for their own use and consumption, within which every common/shared horizon turns out to be impossible. The idioverse makes every possible koinè a chimera, eclipsing it even as a requirement. The second part presents a framework within which the koinological instance can be restarted. This is the Anthropocene, interpreted as an aspiring new métarécit rather than a geological epoch. The paper focuses on the political-ideological implications of the Anthropocene, particularly those related to anthropological universalism, that is, the legitimacy of the prefix “anthropos” to name this unprecedented epochal scenario.

Chiaroscuri della ragione: Kant e la pace perpetua

Francesca Brezzi — 2024-11-12

From Kant’s themes of peace, still relevant today, but unfortunately not realized, the path of restorative justice, justice that rebuilds the social bond, is outlined in the face of Kant’s rigorism and pessimism.

Sulla pace e sul nesso fra etica e politica in Kant e Jaspers

Giovanna Costanzo — 2024-11-12

In a time in which conflicts and acts of cruelty and inhumanity towards the civilian population are intensifying, it appears evident that those who govern are less and less capable of building paths to peace. If this request does not become a priority, the international community risks weakening. Immanuel Kant understood this well when in 1795, faced with a warlike Europe, he asked himself how peace could be guaranteed and, above all, what tools a politician should equip himself with to govern well. At the end of the Second World War and faced with the fear of a possible atomic war, Karl Jaspers well understood the relevance of Kant’s lesson: surrendering to a horizon of war always creates alibi for surrendering to the threats of new and more fearsome dictators, which instead must be contrasted.

Fondò l’autonomia del diritto, non quella della politica

Massimo De Angelis — 2024-11-12

In the area of political philosophy, Immanuel Kant admirably established the distinction between “Right”(concerning man’s external liberty) and “Moral” (concerning man’s inner world). This distinction works both regarding the State as moral person founded on the “law”, and the international right and the relationships among the different States. Following this way Kant robustly founds the State as liberal, based on the “right”: neither an ethical State therefore nor a dispotic one. A republican and representative State different from a democratic one. His idea of perpetual peace has nothing to do with a utopia but is based on a strong realism. Kant nevertheless, has not managed to found the distinction between “Politics” and “Right”. This depends on his idea of “Reason”, pretty normative and not able to become “historical reason”.
Nowadays, Kant’s ideas regarding international right are very popular again, after the decline of Marxism. But along this pattern we risk to overlook that only with a new and strong idea of politics and political autonomy we can deal and solve the dilemmas of the present time.

La pace perpetua a due voci: Kant e Cusano

Paola Ricci Sindoni — 2024-11-12

Both Cusano and Kant speak of “perpetual peace”, both undertake to write an essay on the theme of peace: Cusano in 1453 with De pace fidei and Kant in 1795 with perpetual peace. But that’s not all: both Cusano and Kant explicitly address the question of peace not as an ethical, political or diplomatic program aimed at putting an end to a conflict, but as a theoretical vision placed as a presupposition for any application on the level of political and religious praxis.
Almost as if to say that only in times of peace must peace be produced, as Psalm 34:15 also says: «If you want peace, seek it, run after it, pursue it», and that this assumption makes peace a true and proper methodological principle, founded for both on an ontological thesis, that is, that of a fundamental “concordance” of all human beings, on the level of reason and justice and on the evidence of the opposition between unity and multiplicity.

Rediscovering Unexplored Hegelian Constellations for an Inclusive Bildung

Francesca Iannelli — 2024-11-12

The article, and the research project described therein, aims to employ the methodology of the constellation research conceived by Dieter Henrich in order to shed light on the feminine contribution to Hegel’s life and philosophical path. Whereas studies on individual female poetic figures who have monopolized the attention of Hegel Scholarship in recent decades abound, there is a significant gap in the overall reconstruction of Hegel’s historical interaction with the women of his time. Beyond individual studies dedicated to Hegel’s wife Marie Helena Susanne von Tucher or the more controversial figure of his sister Christiane Luise, Hegelian constellations of the feminine have remained largely unexplored. Hence, exploring and rediscovering such constellations is not of circumscribable value as a merely biographical and corollary matter, but as a powerful magnifying glass that allows the appreciation of a number of qualifying aspects in the ethical, aesthetic and translational spheres, and which may reveal an emancipatory bearing of Hegel’s philosophy for contemporary debate.

Hegel e la questione femminile al crocevia con il diritto

Chiara Magni — 2024-11-12

It is well known that in §§ 165-166 of the Grundlinien, as well as in his Lectures, Hegel, in line with the sensibilities of the time, expresses himself in favour of the gender roles. This contribution, through a comparison of two of the main codes of the time, the Allgemeines Landrecht für die Preußischen Staaten (1794) and the Code Civil (1804), attempts to reconstruct some aspects of the legal context of the late 18th/early 19th century and, in particular, of family law – the main and decisive source of law for understanding the gender structure in modern, bourgeois society. This should allow us, on the one hand, to illuminate Hegel’s partial modernity with regard to women’s rights and, on the other, to understand the extent to which he can be justified as a ‘child of his time’ with regard to his judgements on women.

Dell’eccezione e dei suoi crocevia: Kierkegaard e Schmitt a confronto

Federica Cancellieri — 2024-11-12

The essay examines the concept of exception – closely and inseparably connected to that of decision – in the thought of the jurist and political scientist Carl Schmitt and the existentialist thought of Sören Kierkegaard. Schmitt, in Politische Theologie, a famous writing published in 1922, takes up a passage from Kierkegaard’s La Ripresa, without explicitly mentioning the Danish philosopher and limiting himself to referring to him as a ‘Protestant theologian’. Although the concept of exception as Schmitt intends it, and therefore uses it, is placed on the political level while Kierkegaard’s one is existential, the essay aims to highlight the points of contact and those of discontinuity examining above all the studies conducted by Michele Nicoletti, who outlines and points out the link between the two thinkers.

L’etica intergenerazionale della musica classica

Chiara Palazzolo — 2024-11-12

The article illustrates how classical music embodies the normative concept of tradition and its intergenerational ethical implications. It begins by clarifying ‘tradition’ in musical score interpretation and explores its philosophical dimensions. Scheffler1 views traditions as value-laden practices linking past, present, and future. Reilly et al.2 regard traditions as contextualized ways of living well across individuals and communities. These perspectives show that practices within traditions aim to achieve the goals of their members, shaping communal values and individual character. Applied to music, the discussion highlights the significance of musical practice from a virtue ethics and care ethics standpoint. Classical music transmits cultural, educational, and intergenerational values, with musicians as key investors in the future. Responsibilities toward future generations are embedded in the practice itself, and neglecting them would entail both temporal and moral parochialism.

Approaches for Recognition of a New Occupation as a Liberal Profession in Romania

Vasile Haţegan — 2024-11-12

The paper aims to present the current state and perspectives regarding the path of philosophical practice towards recognition as a liberal profession in Romania, starting from the existing concepts about liberal profession. The legal aspects of the legal regulation of a profession of this kind are the premises that fully highlight the characteristics of philosophical counseling, a new specialization promoted by Romanian universities. The context thus created led to concrete actions of the new practitioners of philosophy, which manifest themselves in society in the form of new specialists trained in philosophical counseling, being the first steps towards recognizing the new occupation thus defined, with perspectives of standardization and regulation as a distinct profession, as part of the liberal professions, already present on the labor market. Some conclusions are included regarding the need for a new profession, distinct from the occupation of philosopher, generated by the specialization tendency of the philosophical practice and defining a new profession, so necessary for persons and human communities.

Dal laboratorio Antigone al laboratorio Theano Pitagorica. Un’esperienza Sui Generis

Claudia Montepaone — 2024-11-12

The Antigone Laboratory, founded in 2004, has been an influential institution in the field of gender studies. Its interdisciplinary approach includes in-depth group discussions, direct textual analysis, and a critical examination of gender perspectives throughout different historical periods. The laboratory fosters an environment of open dialogue among scholars, instructors, and students, providing a platform for sharing diverse educational experiences and insights.

Coraggio e utopia del festival Tyndaris agorà philosophica

Annamaria Anselmo — 2024-11-12

Expérience et Pensée de Christiane Veauvy

Francesca Brezzi — 2024-11-12

Fiorenza Toccafondi, Max Scheler. L’ambiente, gli altri, i valori, Mimesis, Milano-Udine 2023, pp. 440

Lorenzo Palamara — 2024-11-12

R. Bespaloff, L’eternità nell’istante. Gli anni francesi (1932-1942), a cura di C. Guarnieri e L. Sanò, Castelvecchi, Roma 2022, pp. 666

Angela Scozzafava — 2024-11-12